核电厂废过滤器芯子分类处理方法与实践

废过滤器芯子是核电厂放射性固体废物的主要来源之一,为减少最终废物产生量,根据表面剂量率水平进行分类处理。表面剂量率2 mSv/h以下的废过滤器芯子进行烘干、压实、灌浆固定;表面剂量率在2～50 mSv/h的废过滤器芯子暂存衰变,然后再烘干、压实、灌浆固定;表面剂量率大于50 mSv/h的废过滤器芯子直接灌浆固定。按照上述方法分类处理废过滤器芯子,以设计产生量估算,两台机组每年可以减少最终的废物包21.3 m³;以实际产生量估算,两台机组每年可以减少最终废物包8 m³。废过滤器芯子分类处理符合放射性废物最小化管理原则,可有效减少废物的处理和处置费用,对核电发展具有明显的经济效益和环境效益。

Sorting-treatment method and practice of spent filter cartridges in nuclear power plants

Spent filter cartridge is one of the main sources of radioactive solid wastes in nuclear power plants. In order to reduce the amount of final wastes, a sorting process for spent filter cartridges based on their surface dose rate level is essential. The spent filter cartridges of less than 2 mSv/h surface dose rate can be dried, compacted, and solidified with grouting. The spent filter cartridges of 2 mSv/h to 50 mSv/h surface dose rate need a temporary storage decay before commencing the above process. When its surface dose rate is higher than 50 mSv/h, a spent filter cartridge must be solidified directly with grouting. With the sorting-treatment method, the amount of the final waste is reduced by 21.3 m³ according to the design value and by 8 m³ according to the practical value. Radioactive waste minimization is achieved, and the cost for waste disposal is reduced to generate considerable economic and environmental benefits for nuclear power plants.