干冰喷射去除表面放射性污染技术研究

为有效去除需复用部件表面放射性污染,开发了一种去污效率高、对基材损伤小且二次废物产生量小或二次废物易于处理的去污装置和方法。将干冰清洗技术移植用于放射性表面污染的去除,对干冰去污技术从喷射去污到去污后二次废物收集、处理进行闭环设计,形成了一整套干冰去污—气体净化的系统装置。采用该系统装置开展了去污条件实验,获得了既可实现高效去污又不损伤基材的去污参数,通过测量被去污物件表面温度、压力变化,干冰喷射后表面形貌表征等方法验证了去污过程对基体材料损伤轻微。将干冰喷射+尾气净化这一新型去污技术应用于现场复用金属部件去污,验证了该技术既具有高效的去污及气溶胶净化效果,同时又具有二次废物产生量小的特点。

Experimental study on decontamination of surface radioactivity by dry-ice blasting

A dry ice decontamination method and its equipment, with high decontamination efficiency, slight damage on matrices, and minimum of secondary waste, were developed to effectively decontaminate radioactive contaminations on surfaces of assemblies to be repeatedly utilized. An integrated system equipment of dry ice decontamination and gas cleaning was assembled, utilizing a dry ice cleaning technology for the decontamination of surface contamination and a closed loop design from blasting decontamination to collection of secondary wastes. Experiments of decontamination conditions were carried out using this equipment, and decontamination parameters of high efficiency and non-damage were obtained. The advantages of high decontamination efficiency, effect of aerosol cleaning, minimization of secondary waste were validated with the application of this new decontamination technology of dry ice blasting and offgas cleaning to decontaminate metal assemblies of in-place repeated utilization.