机器人在福岛核事故中的应用和启示

福岛核事故发生至今,至少已经有30多种机器人应用于福岛第一核电厂1/2/3号机组,开展反应堆厂房外航测、作业区域和人员通道去污、反应堆厂房内部探查、安全壳外部泄露探查和安全壳内部探查;其中,8个机器人在作业时因辐射损伤、障碍物阻挡等原因而发生故障。福岛核电厂的经验教训和良好实践表明,在核工业机器人研制和实际操作使用中值得借鉴:在观念上应该重视核工业机器人的作用,并进行系列化发展;除了几十Gy/h以上的强辐射场,核工业机器人实际应用中的制约因素往往是空间可达性和控制性能而不是耐辐射性能;应用于10 Gy/h以下的辐射场时,通过累积剂量管理和关键部件更换,可弥补通用机器人在耐辐射设计方面的不足。

Lessons learned from robots used in Fukushima nuclear accident

Up to now, more than 30 kinds of robots were used in Unit 1/2/3 of Fukushima Daiichi NPP for aerial survey of the reactor building exterior, decontamination of work area and walkway, investigation of water leakage from primary containment vessel, the reactor building interior and the primary containment vessel interior. Eight of these robots broke down during operation mainly because of radiation damage and blocking of obstacles. The good practice and lessons learned from the deployment of robots in Fukushima NPP are worth for reference in the R&D and practical application of nuclear robot. Nuclear robot should be paid more attention and be developed in serialarity. Except for the high radiation field above dozens of Gy/h, the space accessibility and control performance,not the radiation tolerance,are usually the decisive factors to the practical application of nuclear robot. When used in the radiation field below 10 Gy/h, cumulative dose management and exchange of core components are effective countermeasures to make up for the shortage of radiation tolerance design for general robots.