用放射性甲基碘做示踪剂测量核通风系统除碘效率不同试验方法的比较研究

研究了硫酸二甲酯法、三甲基氯硅烷-磷酰基乙酸三甲酯法和同位素交换法在碘吸附器性能试验及核通风系统除碘效率试验中应用的优缺点。对三种方法的试验产率、试剂及残液毒性、试验可靠性及设备稳定性等方面进行了综合研究。研究结果表明:硫酸二甲酯法由于试剂毒性而在应用上受到一定限制;三甲基氯硅烷-磷酰基乙酸三甲酯法作为低毒性试验方法总体满足现场试验要求,但由于该方法所用试剂对试验设备会造成一定侵蚀,因此需要作一些改进;同位素交换法作为一种新颖的试验方法具有毒性低、产率高、操控简单稳定、风险较低等优点,推荐使用。

Comparison of several radioactive methyl iodide methods for iodine removal efficiency test of nuclear ventilation systems

Application of three methods for performance tests of iodine adsorbers and iodine removal efficiency test of nuclear ventilation systems was studied. Generation rates of methyl iodide, toxicity of reagents and residuals, reliability of test, and stability of equipment were evaluated. Results of this study indicated that the application of dimethyl sulfate method was limited due to its toxicity, trimethyl chlorosilane trimethyl phosphonoacetate method could satisfy the regulatory requirements of nuclear power plants but need to be improved on its corrosion to equipment; while isotope exchange method could be advantageous due to its low toxicity, high generation rate of radioactive methyl iodide, simple and stable operation, and low risk for the application in nuclear power plants.