岩石变形记忆效应:应用、试验与理论

基于岩石变形记忆效应DMEDRA法,为准确便捷测量初始地应力提供了全新的思路,国际上及中国台湾的一系列实践应用证明了其巨大的潜力。但是,岩石变形记忆效应的研究和工程应用在中国(除中国台湾外)刚起步,同时,试验及理论的系统性研究整体上落后于工程应用,成为制约DMEDRA法成熟和普及的瓶颈问题。因此,开展岩石变形记忆效应的应用、试验、理论的研究进展综述具有重要意义。首先给出岩石DMEDRA法的基本概念,然后给出在国际上的应用实践现状;从7个方面的内容对试验研究进展进行系统性评述:(1)岩石变形记忆DRA曲线特征;(2)岩石变形记忆效应的失忆性;(3)人工记忆与地应力记忆;(4)初始加载保持时间;(5)初始加载重复次数;(6)记忆存在应力区域;(7)三维应力记忆特征;详细探讨各方面成果及不足;探讨了岩石变形记忆效应形成机理的两种认识及相应的理论模型,深入剖析现有研究结论与进展揭示存在的挑战,最终给出研究方向与建议。为推动国内开始开展岩石变形记忆效应的研究与应用提供基础。

Rock deformation memory effect: applications,experiments and theories

Based on the rock deformation memory effect (DME), the deformation rate analysis (DRA) method is a new method for determining the magnitudes and orientation of the in-situ stress. The DME & DRA method has an inherent advantage over the traditional in-situ stress determination methods. A significant number of successful experiments have been done in many countries. But in China, the DME & DRA method has not been explored and used by now. At the same time, the lack of the experimental and theoretical researches on the rock deformation memory prevents the improvements of the DME & DRA method. A review of application, experimental and theoretical researches on rock DME is given. For the experiments, 7 topics include: (1) features of DRA curve, (2) memory fading, (3) artificial memory and in-situ stress memory, (4) duration of loading application, (5) preload times, (6) stress level memorized by DME, (7) memory under triaxial stress state. Two kinds of mechanisms and the corresponding theoretical models are discussed with their strengths and weakness analyzed. Finally, the necessity and the directions for the future researches are outlined.