熔体微分电纺聚丙烯复合纤维的工艺及成孔性研究

利用自制熔体微分静电纺丝装置探索聚丙烯(PP)分别与纳米碳酸钙(Ca CO3)、固体石蜡、混合无机盐3种不同共混体系的熔体电纺复合纤维的纺丝工艺,并利用后处理方法除去上述3种成孔剂,得到了表面粗糙并带有微孔的PP纤维。试验表明:在一定条件下,3种复合纤维均可由熔体微分电纺法制备,纤维平均直径分别为8.22、8.67和6.08μm,均小于纯PP纤维的12.10μm,纤维直径不随熔融指数增大而减小;气流辅助可以增加泰勒锥根数,当泰勒锥根数达到一定程度时,有助于射流的稳定和纤维的细化。3种复合纤维均可由后处理方法得到表面粗糙并带有微孔的结构:除去Ca CO3的纤维微孔大小不一,分布不均;除去固体石蜡的纤维表面粗糙,有条状和块状凹痕;除去无机盐的纤维微孔相对较小,分布较均匀。与纯PP纤维相比,3种复合纤维的直径更细,表面更粗糙,可以起到增强材料的亲水性(或疏水性)的作用。

Study of Melt Differential Electrospinning Process and the Porosity of Electrospun Polypropylene Composite Fibers

In this study, polypropylene was mixed with three different pore-forming agents（nanometer cal-cium carbonate, paraffin and inorganic hybrid salts） to form three blended systems which were used to pro-duce composite fibers by self- made melt differential electrospinning device. Polypropylene fibers withrough surface and microporous were prepared after removing above-mentioned pore-forming agents. Thesurface morphological structures of these polypropylene fibers were characterized. Results showed that theaverage diameter of polypropylene-nanometer calcium carbonate composite fibers（8.22 μm）, polypropylene-paraffin composite fibers（8.67 μm） and polypropylene-inorganic hybrid salts composites fiber（6.08 μm） wasless than pure polypropylene fibers（12.10 μm）; the diameter of composite fibers was not reduced with theincreasing of melt index; polypropylene fibers without nanometer calcium carbonate comprised microporoushaving different sizes and uneven distribution, polypropylene fibers without paraffin had rough surface andstrip or bulk dents, polypropylene fibers without inorganic hybrid salts comprised microporous having rela-tively small sizes and even distribution. These three polypropylene fibers were all able to increase the hydro-philicity or hydrophobicity of materials. Furthermore, the number of Taylor cone was increased by using as-sistant air flow. Taylor cone contributed to the stability of jet flow and the refining of composite fibers whenTaylor cone increased to a certain number.