Normal Fluid Velocity Profile and Transition from T-1 to T-2 State of Superfluid Turbulence |
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Authors: | David J. Melotte Carlo F. Barenghi |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Mathematics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England |
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Abstract: | It has been known for many years that in a circular counterflow pipe there exist two different states of turbulence of helium II: the T-1 state, which appears at low values of heat flux, and the T-2 state, which appears suddenly at higher heat flux and is characterized by a much higher density of quantized vortex lines. Until now the nature of the two turbulent states has been a mystery. To understand this problem we have addressed the issue of the velocity profile of the normal fluid and its stability. The computed critical heat flux of the transition from the T-1 state to the T-2 state is found to be in good agreement with the observations. The result indicates that in the T-1 state the superfluid is turbulent but the normal fluid is still laminar. The T-1 to T-2 transition corresponds to the onset of normal fluid turbulence. |
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