世界水危机及对策探讨

由于人口增长、水污染、跨国水体管理不善、水供需系统低效运行等因素的综合作用，世界人均可用淡水量正在持续下降，水资源短缺日趋严重。避免潜在的水危机需要我们用全新的思考方式和态度对待水问题，找到更科学、更高效、更完善的水的计划、生产、配置、节约和管理策略。介绍了目前世界淡水资源的可利用量、抽取和消耗状况；强调了促使未来水问题更加复杂化的一些主要因素；尝试性提供一些防治未来水危机和实现水可持续利用的综合性对策及建议。

World Water Crisis and Countermeasures

The world’s per capita available fresh water is declining and the water shortage is getting serious owing to a combination of factors including population growth,water pollution,inadequate management of cross-border waters,inefficient operation of water supply and demand system. To avoid potential water crisis,we need new ways of thinking and attitude to deal with water problems,and to find more scientific,more efficient strategies for water planning,production,configuration,conservation and management. In the present research,the availability of world’s freshwater resource and the water withdrawal and consumption are reviewed. Some of the main factors that complicates the water problem in the future are highlighted. Some tentative comprehensive measures to control the future water crisis and realize the sustainable use of water are given.