鱼道水力特性研究进展

综述竖缝式、池堰式和涵洞式、丹尼尔式及组合式鱼道水力特性的国内外研究进展;对比分析水流流态、流速场特征、流量与水深的关系、紊流特性及消能率等几方面对不同鱼道的水力特性的影响;得出了竖缝式鱼道中无量纲流量与相对水深之间呈线性关系的结论,列出了池堰式鱼道中流量与水深的关系式;指出鱼道中紊流的紊动能、紊流强度及紊流结构均会对鱼道水力特性、鱼类对栖息地的选择以及鱼类通行造成较大影响;展望鱼道未来研究重心会逐渐集中于鱼道内紊流特性及其数值模拟的研究,尤其是紊流结构的研究。此外,不同结构形式鱼道内水力条件对鱼类通行的影响及改善措施亦将成为未来研究热点之一。

Research Progress of Fishway' s Hydraulic Characteristics in China and Abroad

The research progress of the hydraulic characteristics of vertical slot fishway, pool-weir fishway, culvert fishway, Denil fishway and combination fishway in China and abroad were reviewed. The flow pattern, characteristics of velocity field, relationship between discharge and water depth, turbulence characteristics, and energy dissipation rate of various fishways were compared and analyzed respectively. The linear relationship between dimensionless discharge and relative water depth in vertical slot fishway was summarized, and the formula expressing the relationship between discharge and water depth in pool-weir fishway was listed. It was pointed out that turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent intensity and turbulence structure would have great impact on the hydraulic characteristics of fishways, the habitat selection and the passage of fish. The research hotspot of fishways is expected to be focused on turbulence characteristics and numerical simulations, especially on the study of turbulence structure. In addition, the influence of hydraulic condition within the fishways on fish passage and its improvements will also be one of the research hotspots in the near future.