中美国家公园社会科学研究项目比较

长期以来,世界范围内有关国家公园的研究更偏重自然科学方面,对社会科学研究关注较少。而在中国诸多类型的自然保护地中,旅游利用等因素带来的矛盾和问题却在不断增加。在当前国家公园体制建设的背景下,有必要进一步强调和深化国家公园在社会科学方面的研究。系统梳理美国国家公园的社会科学研究现状、研究议题和管理机制。本文选取美国约塞米蒂国家公园和中国九寨沟为例进行比较研究。从机构和人员设置、科研规划、科研项目与成果等几方面对比2个国家公园的社会科学研究状况,并结合2个国家公园的国情、体制背景进一步分析。结合中国国情和当前自然保护地管理体制框架,对国家公园体制建设中如何加强社会科学研究提出几点思考。

Comparative Review on Social Science Program in National Parks of USA and China

For a long time, National Park research worldwide was developed much more in natural science prospect rather than in social science prospect. In most natural reserve areas in China, the contradictions and problems caused by the tourism use and other factors are increasing. It is necessary to emphasize and deepen the social science research of the national park with the background of the National Park System constructing in China right now. The research consists of three sessions. Firstly, a study of the Social Science Program of national parks in USA was conducted, including the research topics, management mechanism, and research status. Secondly, the paper compared the social science research of two national parks which are Yosemite National Park and Jiuzhaigou Valley National Park from three aspects: organization and staff, research planning, research projects and achievements. In the end, according to the national conditions and the current management framework of natural reserved areas in China, some suggestions were provided for National Park System construction in China.