机电装备失效研究的内涵及其科学问题探讨

简要介绍了失效研究领域的相关名词、概念和内容。对失效对象、失效现象和失效环境等与失效有关的5大类、16项、共52种失效信息进行了归纳总结,并指出了通过这些信息来建立诊断失效模式、原因和机理的失效诊断系统的途径。针对失效研究领域中,失效诊断方面存在的断口、裂纹诊断技术和方法,综合诊断技术和方法,定量诊断技术和方法,概率诊断、模糊诊断和智能诊断的技术和方法,环境诊断技术和方法,失效抗力(材料性能)指标体系和表征技术,失效动力(载荷或应力)的计算、测试和反推技术和方法,失效模拟的技术和方法,失效预测方面存在的技术和方法,以及失效预防方面存在的技术和方法等10大类科学问题,从理论和实践两方面进行了探讨,并指出了需要进一步研究的方向。最后指出了该领域今后的发展趋势。

CONTENTS AND SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS DISCUSSING OF FAILURE RESEARCH OF THE ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

The concepts and contents of failure research are proposed. The failure information, which included failure objects, failure phenomena and failure environment, could be concluded into five kinds, sixteen classes, and fifty-two species. It could be used to establish failure diagnosis system to diagnose failure mode, reasons and mechanism. It includes failure diagnose, failure forecast and failure prevention in failure research. There are eight problem in failure diagnose. These problems are diagnosing technology and way of fractures and cracks, synthesis diagnosing technology and way of failure, quantify diagnosing technology and way of failure, probability, faintness and brainpower diagnosing technology and way of failure, environment diagnosing technology and way of failure, material capability system and token technology, counting testing and illation of stress technology and way, simulating technology and way of failure. There are prediction and prevention problems in failure prediction and failure prevention fields. These ten problems are investigated from theory and practice in detail. In last, the evaluative trend of failure research is pointed out.