调和汽油的蒸发性能及其改善方法探讨

环保法规的日益严格对汽车尾气排放的要求也越来越高, 而汽车尾气排放与汽油的蒸气压和馏程分布密切相关。同时, 蒸气压和馏程分布还影响汽车的启动性能、加速性能以及气缸积炭等。文章简述了为满足环保要求和保证汽车驾驶性能, 汽油蒸气压和馏程分布应该达到的要求;介绍了几种能够改变汽油蒸气压和馏程分布的汽油改质方法, 以及目前组成商品汽油的各种调和组分, 比较了各种调和组分在蒸气压和馏程分布方面的性质特点, 及其对成品汽油蒸气压和馏程分布的影响。分析表明, 通过改变催化裂化汽油(FCC)过程工艺条件, 可改善FCC汽油蒸气压和馏程分布, 这是目前改善调和汽油蒸气压和馏程分布最为经济可行的方法;各调和组分中, 烷基化油在改善汽油蒸气压和馏程分布方面是最理想的调和组分。

Evaporation property of blending gasoline and its improvement

The increasingly strict environmental regulations result in higher and higher standard in motor vehicle exhaust emission. The exhaust emission is closely related to vapor pressure and distillation range distribution of gasoline. In addition, the vapor pressure and distillation range distribution also influence the startup performance, acceleration and carbon deposition in cylinder. The paper sketched the requirements on vapor pressure and distillation range distribution in order to suffice environmental regulations and ensure driving performance. It also briefly introduced some gasoline modification methods for the evaporation of gasoline, and some blending components in present gasoline pool. The paper compared those blending component properties in evaporation, and discussed their influence on the evaporation of gasoline. The analysis result indicated that the evaporation of gasoline can be improved by changing process conditions in FCC, which was the most economically feasible way to do that. And alkylate oil is the best blending component to improve the evaporation of gasoline.