黄河下游游荡性河道双岸整治面临的问题

为全面认识黄河下游游荡性河道双岸整治的效果和可能带来的影响,对双岸整治的实施背景和预期效果进行总结,详细分析了双岸整治面临的工程和社会环境等方面的问题。认为当前黄河下游防洪形势虽得到改善,但也面临下游游荡性河道输沙能力不足、下游部分河段河势恶化等问题。指出双岸整治的主要效果在于通过丁坝等工程实施黄河下游双岸整治,塑造窄深河槽,利用窄深河槽很强的泄洪输沙能力并结合小浪底水库的调节运用使得大部分泥沙通过洪水输运,同时依靠整治工程消除横河、斜河等不利河势;双岸整治面临的主要问题有:黄河下游大洪水仍有可能出现,整治工程带来的水位壅高,整治河段挟沙能力提高造成的下泄泥沙对山东窄河道和黄河河口产生影响,以及工程实施带来的土地权属、引黄供水和环境影响等问题。

Problems regarding two-bank regulation of the wandering lower Yellow River

In order to examine the effect and possible influence of the implementation of two-bank regulation of the wandering lower Yellow River, through summary of the background of implementation and the expected effect, project and social environmental problems regarding two-bank regulation are analyzed. Although the flood control situation in the lower Yellow River Basin is improved, there exist some problems, such as the insufficient sediment transport capacity of the wandering lower river and the deteriorated river regime of some lower channels. Two-bank regulation can generate a narrow deep channel through spur dikes or other regulation projects, cause most of the sediment to be transported by floods due to the large sediment transport capacity of the narrow deep channel and the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, and eliminate adverse river regimes, such as transverse rivers and inclined rivers. It is pointed out that the main problems regarding two-bank regulation are as follows: large floods are still likely to occur in the lower Yellow River, the regulation project leads to rises in the water lever, the increasing sediment-carrying capacity causes the discharged sediment to influence the narrow channels in Shandong Province and the Yellow River Estuary, and the implementation of regulation projects leads to land ownership problems, diversion of water from the Yellow River, and environmental impacts.