激励火电提供灵活性的容量补偿机制设计

近年来,在中国电力系统低碳化转型以及电力市场化改革快速推进的同时也暴露了一些问题,其中较为典型的就是以煤电为代表的火电企业普遍大面积亏损,甚至濒临破产清算的困境,这一现象主要归因于大规模新能源零边际成本占据火力发电份额,以及火电提供灵活性以保障新能源消纳产生的外部成本没有得到充分回报,部分火电企业甚至还贷难以为继,亟须...

Mechanism Design of Capacity Payment for Incentivizing Flexibility of Thermal Power

In recent years, low-carbon transition of power systems and rapid promotion of electricity market-oriented reform in China have exposed some problems, typical one of which is that the thermal power enterprises, represented by coal-fired power, are generally suffering from large-scale losses, or even face the dilemma of bankruptcy and liquidation. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the large-scale renewable energy with zero marginal cost occupying the share of thermal power generation. At the same time, thermal power provides flexibility to ensure that the external costs generated by renewable energy consumption is not fully rewarded, and even some thermal power enterprises cannot continue to repay loans. As a result, it is urgent to establish a reasonable capacity payment mechanism to guarantee the recovery of external costs of thermal power units. Therefore, the current mainstream capacity payment mechanisms and their adaptability in China are firstly compared. Then, a bi-level programming model considering the phaseout of thermal power enterprises is proposed, and the influences of capacity payment prices on the decision-making and market operation of thermal power enterprises with different renewable energy penetration rates are analyzed, including the market clearing price and auxiliary service cost. Finally, case studies based on the IEEE 30-bus system and an actual provincial power grid validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that a reasonable capacity payment mechanism can effectively guarantee the income of thermal power enterprises, and encourage them to provide flexible services, so as to improve the overall economy and operation efficiency of the power system.