金属光电化学阴极保护材料及其防腐功能化实现研究进展

与传统的腐蚀保护方法相比,光电化学阴极保护是一种节能、环保、经济的腐蚀防护技术.该技术的关键特征是,利用光电化学阴极保护材料在光照条件下产生光生电子,而光生电子以电势差作为驱动力转移到金属上,并富集在金属表面,导致金属的电位负移,从而实现对金属的强制保护.总结了近年来国内外光电化学阴极保护材料的制备方法与性能特点,针对目前TiO2薄膜材料存在的问题,阐述了通过形貌调控、元素掺杂、半导体复合、异质结构成、材料耦合等方式,提升光电化学阴极保护性能的策略和技术.概括了非TiO2类光电化学阴极保护纳米材料的性能及应用,主要有ZnO、SrTiO3、In2O3、g-C3N4、铋基金属氧化物等半导体材料.明确了近年来光电化学阴极保护材料防腐功能化实现的途径和方法,包括光阳极法和直接涂敷法,并比较了二者之间的优缺点.最后,提出了金属光电化学阴极保护材料及防腐功能化研究的发展趋势及存在的问题.

Research Progress in Metal Photoelectrochemical Cathodic Protection Materials and Its Anticorrosion Function Realization

Photoelectrochemical cathodic protection is an energy-saving, environmentally friendly and economical corrosion protection technology in comparison with traditional corrosion protection methods. In this technology, the photoelectrochemical cathodic protection materials are purposed to generate photogenerated electrons under visible light illumination. The photogenerated electrons are transferred to the metal with the driving force of the potential difference, which is enriched on the metal surface to enable a negative shift of the metal''s potential, thereby realizing the forced protection of the metal. This paper summarizes the preparation methods and performance characteristics of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection materials at home and abroad in recent years. It also describes the strategies and technologies of improving photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance, including morphology control, element doping, semiconductor recombination, heterostructure formation, and material coupling, which can resolve the current problems of TiO2 film materials. Then, the performance and application of non-TiO2 photoelectrochemical cathodic protection nanomaterials are summarized, such as ZnO, SrTiO3, In2O3, g-C3N4, and Bi-based metal oxides. The approaches that realizing the anticorrosion function realization of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection materials are clarified in recent years, including photoanode method and direct coating method. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of them are compared. Based on the previous reports, the development trendency, the problems about metal photoelectrochemical cathodic protection materials and anticorrosion function realization are proposed.