Furfural-based cation-exchange resins from N-vinylcarbazole and its polymer

Cation-exchange resins have been synthesized through the condensation of N-vinylcarbazole and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) with furfural in presence of anhydrous AlCl₃ and subsequent sulfonation of the condensates. The resins have been characterized in respect to their polyfunctionality, exchange capacity, and thermal stability.