计及柔性负荷的综合能源系统低碳经济运行

多能互补的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)能够有效提高能源使用效率,解决环境污染等问题。在此背景下,提出了一种考虑柔性负荷(flexible load,FL)和碳交易机制的IES优化调度模型。首先,将碳交易机制引入系统调度模型中,综合考虑整个能源供应环节的碳排放,并采用过排放罚金机制以促进系统节能减排。然后,将FL分为可削减负荷、可转移负荷和可平移负荷三类,应用于IES的低碳经济运行之中。在此基础上,以碳交易成本、FL调度成本、系统能耗成本之和最小化为优化目标,考虑电力系统网络约束、天然气系统网络约束和能源中心(energy hub,EH)内部约束,建立了IES低碳经济调度模型。最后,采用算例系统对所构建的模型和采用的方法进行验证,并分析了罚金价格对于系统碳排放的影响,以及FL在消纳风电和节能减排方面的作用。

Low-Carbon Economic Operation of Integrated Energy System Considering Flexible Loads

An integrated energy system (IES) can effectively improve energy efficiency and solve problems such as environmental pollution. In this context, an optimal dispatch model of an IES considering flexible loads (FLs) and carbon trading is proposed. First, the carbon trading is introduced into the dispatch model, taking into account the carbon emissions of the entire energy supply chain, and an excessive emission penalty mechanism is established to further promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Next, FLs are divided into three categories, i.e., curtailable, transferable and shiftable ones, which are respectively modeled in detail. On this basis, electric network constraints, natural gas network constraints, together with internal constraints of energy hubs (EHs) are integrated into the low-carbon economic dispatch model with an objective of minimizing the operation costs including the carbon trading cost, FLs dispatching cost and system energy cost. Finally, a sample system is employed to demonstrate the proposed model, together with detailed analysis about the impacts of the penalty price on the carbon emission of the system and the effects of FLs on the accommodation of wind power, and energy conservation and emission reduction are examined as well.