中国北方河流环境容量核算方法研究

中国北方河流径流量较小、季节性变化较大，为准确核算其水环境容量，把河道水体按上游到下游划分为河道、拦河闸水体和感潮河段3种类型水体，其环境容量之和为河流的环境容量。对不同的水体分别运用河流一维水质模型、湖库均匀混合模型和河口一维水质模型确定这3种水体的环境容量。本文以大沽河为例，采用实测的水质、水文数据资料，建立了流速和流量、综合衰减系数和流速之间的相关关系，分别计算各类水体的环境容量。计算结果表明，拦河闸水体和感潮河段的环境容量占河流总容量的80%以上，是河流水环境容量的重要组成部分。

Environmental capacity of rivers in North China

In order to accurately calculate the water environmental capacity of the rivers in North China, the water of river was divided into three parts, including the water in river channel, water stored in reservoir of barrage and water in tidal reach, to calculate the corresponding environmental capacity respectively. The 1-D river quality model, the reservoir uniformity mixed model and the 1-D estuary water quality model are applied to calculating the environmental capacity of corresponding water. The Dagu River is taken as a case study to calculate the environmental capacity of these three kinds of water. The relationships between flow velocity and discharge and relationship between comprehensive attenuation coefficient and flow velocity are established based on the data of observed water quality and hydrological data. The calculation results show that the sum of environmental capacities of the water stored in reservoir and the water in river channel is higher than 80% of the total, which is the most important part of environmental capacity of river water.