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An alternative method for fire smoke toxicity assessment using human lung cells |
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| Authors: | F. Lestari A.R. Green G. Chattopadhyay A.J. Hayes |
| Affiliation: | aChemical Safety and Applied Toxicology (CSAT) Laboratories, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia bSchool of Safety Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia cSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia dOccupational Health and Safety Department, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
| Abstract: | An alternative method for fire smoke toxicity testing using human lung cells has been investigated. A laboratory-scale vertical tube furnace was used for the generation of combustion products. Experiments were conducted under isothermal oxidative non-flaming conditions. A range of building and train interiors including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), fiberglass reinforced polymer (FRP), and melamine-faced plywood (MFP) were studied. The exposure of combustion toxicants to human lung cells (A549) at the air/liquid interface was acquired using a Harvard Navicyte Chamber. Cytotoxic effects on human cells were assessed based on cell viability using the MTS assay (Promega). Cytotoxicity results were expressed as NOAEC (No Observable Adverse Effect Concentration), IC10 (10% inhibitory concentration), IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) and total lethal concentration (TLC) values (mg/L). These cytotoxicity results were compared to published combustion toxicity data. Mass loss data and toxic product yield were also determined. The following toxicity ranking was observed from the most toxic to the least toxic: PVC>PE>PP> FRP-10>PC> FRP-16>MFP. The method described here could potentially be an alternative to current fire toxicity standard test methods. |
| Keywords: | Cytotoxicity of fire smoke Combustion products Thermal degradation of polymers MTS assay Human lung cells A549 |
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