Development of a Tunable, Narrow-Linewidth, CW 2.066-mum Ho:YLF Laser for Remote Sensing of Atmospheric CO(2) and H(2)O

A smoothly tunable, narrow-linewidth, cw, 32-mW, 2.066-mum Ho:YLF laser was constructed and used for the first time in preliminary spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric CO(2) and H(2)O. The laser was constructed with a 4.5-mm-long, TE-cooled, codoped 5% Tm and 0.5% Ho yttrium lithium fluoride crystal (cut at Brewster's angle) pumped by an Ar(+)-pumped 500-mW Ti:sapphire laser operating at 792 nm. Intracavity etalons were used to reduce the laser linewidth to approximately 0.025 cm(-1) (0.75 GHz), and the laser wavelength was continuously and smoothly tunable over approximately 6 cm(-1) (180 GHz). The Ho:YLF laser was used to perform spectroscopic measurements on molecular CO(2) in a laboratory absorption cell and to measure the concentration of CO(2) and water vapor in the atmosphere with an initial accuracy of approximately 5-10%. The measurement uncertainty was found to be due to several noise sources, including the effect of asymmetric intensity of the laser modes within the laser linewidth, fluctuations caused by atmospheric turbulence and laser beam/target movement, and background spectral shifts.