Lacrimal gland-derived lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor

PURPOSE: To determine whether lacrimal gland acinar cells are involved in modulating local immune response; to isolate and characterize a lacrimal gland factor that exerts biological activities on T lymphocytes. METHODS: A protein factor has been purified from lacrimal gland extracts by a combination of ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. This factor has the capacity to enhance proliferation of T lymphocytes upon stimulation with a mitogen or an antigen. We have, therefore, called this substance lacrimal gland-derived lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor (LG-F). RESULTS: Lacrimal gland-derived lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor has a molecular weight of approximately 65,000 daltons as determined by gel-filtration and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. T cells demonstrate greater proliferation when cultured with high concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) in the presence of LG-F, as compared with culture without addition of LG-F. This enhancing effect of LG-F may be mediated by IL-2, because the final cell count correlates with the levels of IL-2 secreted by LG-F-activated cells. Lacrimal gland-derived lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor is nonmitogenic for T cells, but its potentiating effect is antigen-dependent. Dual stimulation of OA-primed T cells with both OA and LG-F results in greater proliferative activity, in contrast to culture with OA alone. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that lacrimal gland cells may interact with the immune system by elaborating nonspecific factors that modulate lymphocyte proliferation and augment lymphokine production. The presence of such a factor in the lacrimal gland may prove to be of importance in the generation of local immune responses.