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Rubber toughening of plastics
Authors:Clive B Bucknall  S Eric Reddock
Affiliation:(1) School of Industrial Science, Cranfield Institute of Technology, Cranfield, Bedford, UK;(2) Present address: British Aerospace, Argyle Way, Stevenage, Herts, UK
Abstract:Creep measurements were made on a series of six ABS blends containing 0 to 20 vol% of 80mgrm glass beads. At small strains, the beads raised the modulus of the ABS. However, debonding of the polymer from the glass resulted in a rapid drop in modulus with increasing strain epsi and bead contentphgr, and at strains above 1.0% the order of stiffnesses was reversed. Debonding resulted in an increase in creep rate withphgr, as measured by the timetau to reach 1% volume strain. Plots of Intau –1 against applied stresssgr were linear, in accordance with the Eyring equation, and provided data for comparing stress concentration factorsgamma. The relationship between gamma andphgr fitted approximately to the Ishai Cohen effective area model. It is concluded that debonded glass beads accelerate multiple crazing by increasing average stresses in the ABS matrix, and in that respect resemble rubber particles. However, unlike rubber particles, debonded beads drastically reduce notched Charpy impact strength.
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