Pheromone Components and Diel Periodicity of Pheromonal Communication in Lymantria fumida |
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Authors: | Paul W. Schaefer Gerhard Gries Regine Gries David Holden |
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Affiliation: | (1) United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Laboratory, Newark, Delaware, 19713;(2) Centre for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada |
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Abstract: | Extracts of pheromone glands from female Lymantria fumida were analyzed by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and by coupled GC–mass spectrometry (MS). The two compounds that elicited responses from male L. fumida antennae were identified as cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (disparlure) and 2-methyl-Z7-octadecene (2me-Z7–18Hy). Field experiments in northern Japan demonstrated that synthetic (7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane [(+)-disparlure] and 2me-Z7–18Hy are synergistic sex pheromone components of L. fumida. (7S,8R)-cis-7,8-Epoxy-2-methyloctadecane [(–)-disparlure] had no behavioral effect on male L. fumida. Traps baited with (+)-disparlure and 2me-Z7–18Hy captured male L. fumida between 21:00 and 24:00 hr, whereas traps baited with (+)-monachalure [(7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-octadecane], (+)-disparlure and 2me-Z7–18Hy attracted males of the nun moth, L. monacha L., between 02:00 and 04:00 hr. Both temporal separation of pheromonal communication and specificity of pheromone blends seem to contribute to the reproductive isolation of sympatric and coseasonal L. fumida and L. monacha. |
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Keywords: | Lepidoptera Lymantriidae Lymantria fumida Lymantria monacha nun moth sex pheromone periodicity calling behavior reproductive isolation disparlure (7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (7S,8R)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane 2-methyl-Z7-octadecene (7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-octadecane (+)-monachalure |
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