重复使用运载器GN＆C技术发展趋势及特点

重复使用运载器 (RLV)将大幅度降低现役航天运载器的发射准备时间、成本 ,并提高其可靠性、安全性 ,是航天运输系统的发展方向。制导、导航与控制 (GN&C)系统是RLV的核心技术之一 ,先进的RLV的GN&C技术不仅能缩短设计周期、降低成本 ,而且对复杂多变的飞行环境具有较强的鲁棒性 ,从而提高了飞行器的安全性。指出了RLV的GN&C系统的要求、特点 ,总结了近年来该领域的研究成果 ,提出了下一步需研究的问题。

Development Trends and Characteristics of the GN&C Technologies for Reusable Launch Vehicles

Reusable launch vehicles (RLV) present the opportunity to reduce the cost of launches and to provide capabilities that are not now available. Guidance, navigation and control (GN&C) technologies are critical for meeting safety/reliability and cost requirements for the next generation of reusable launch vehicle. This becomes clear upon examining the number of expendable launch vehicle failures in the recent past where the advanced GN&C technologies would have saved a RLV with the same failure mode. The advanced RLV GN&C technologies will lead to reduced cycle times during vehicle design and to reduced costs associated with flying to new orbits, with new payloads, and with modified vehicles. The GN&C technologies will also lead to more robustness to unforeseen cirumstances in flight, thereby enhancing safety and reducing risk. In this paper, the goal and characteristics for RLV GN&C are outlined, and the current technology efforts are reviewed, and the additional work needed for making this goal a reality is proposed.