涡流排液采气的液滴动力学分析与螺旋角优化

井下涡流排液采气是一种新型排采技术,目前对于涡流排液采气井筒旋流场液相受力特性和运动规律的认识仍然不清楚。为此,根据两相流体动力学理论,对井筒旋流场中液滴的受力特性进行分析,得到了液滴沿轴向和径向的运动方程,并对Basset力、虚拟质量力、Magnus力、Saffman力和Stokes力等典型作用力进行了量级比较。同时,以液滴所受垂直向上合力最大为原则,推导了涡流工具最优螺旋角公式;在所建立的液滴受力模型基础上,全面分析了各项作用力的成因、特点和方向。结果表明:1经过量级比较,可以忽略影响较小的视质量力、Basset力和对流体积力;2与常规井筒流场相比,旋流场中液滴在垂向增加了向上的离心力分量,有利于液滴向上运移。进而采用实例分析验证了最优螺旋角公式的可靠性,并且发现:随着井深减小,气体携液能力增强、最优螺旋角增大。该研究成果对于现场井下涡流工具优化设计和涡流排液采气作业具有指导意义。

Dynamic analysis of liquid droplet and optimization of helical angle for vortex#br# drainage gas recovery

Downhole vortex drainage gas recovery is a new gas production technology. So far, however, the forces and motions of liquid phase in the swirling flow field of wellbores during its field application have not been figured out. In this paper, the forces of liquid droplets in the swirling flow field of wellbores were analyzed on the basis of two-phase fluid dynamics theories. Then, the motion equations of fluid droplets along axial and radical directions were established. Magnitude comparison was performed on several typical acting forces, including Basset force, virtual mass force, Magnus force, Saffman force and Stokes force. Besides, the formula for calculating the optimal helical angle of vortex tools was established according to the principle that the vertical resultant force on fluid droplets should be the maximum. And afterwards, each acting force was comprehensively analyzed in terms of its origin, characteristics and direction based on the established force analysis model. Magnitude comparison indicates that the forces with less effect can be neglected, including apparent mass force, Basset force and convection volume force. Moreover, the vertically upward centrifugal force component occurs on the fluid droplets in swirling flow field instead of those in the conventional flow field of wellbores, which is favorable for the fluid droplets to move upward. The reliability of optimal helical angle calculation formula was verified by means of case analysis. It is demonstrated that with the decrease of well depth, the fluid-carrying capability of gas and the optimal helical angle increase. The research results in this paper have a guiding significance to the optimization design of downhole vortex tools and the field application of downhole vortex drainage gas recovery technology.