长宁—威远页岩气示范区套管变形机理及对策

针对四川盆地长宁—威远国家级页岩气示范区开发过程中出现的套管变形问题,分析了套管变形与地质特征和水力压裂施工的相关性,结果表明断层裂缝和层理(以下用裂缝代替断层裂缝和层理)发育是套管变形的内因,水力压裂是套管变形的外因。在此基础上,厘清了套管变形的机理:压裂液沿着某条通道进入天然裂缝,使裂缝内孔隙压力提高,当达到临界值时,激发天然裂缝滑动,进而造成套管变形。流体的通道可能有3条:①水力裂缝通道;②水力压裂过程中沿着井眼轴向形成的轴向裂缝;③反复压裂致使水泥环形成的微环隙。最后,提出了有针对性的预防措施:①在裂缝层理井段安装封隔器;②优化水泥浆性能,避免水泥环产生微环隙;③选择避免套管承受反复高压的压裂工艺。该研究成果可为解决页岩气套管变形问题提供指导。

Mechanism of casing deformation in the Changning–Weiyuan national shale gas project demonstration area and countermeasures

Casing deformation occurs during the development of Changning–Weiyuan state shale gas demonstration area in the Sichuan Basin. In view of this, the correlation between the casing deformation and the geological characteristics as well as hydraulic fracturing was analyzed. It is shown that fracture and bedding (hereinafter collectively referred to as fractures) in faults are the internal cause for casing deformation and hydraulic fracturing is the external cause. Then, the mechanism of casing deformation was clarified. As the fracturing fluid flows along a certain passage into the natural fracture, the pore pressure in the fracture rises. When the critical pressure is reached, the natural fracture is activated to move, and consequently casing deformation occurs. Fluid may flow along three pathways, i.e., the hydraulic fracture, the axial fracture along the borehole axis created during hydraulic fracturing and the micro-annulus of cement sheath induced by repeated fracturing. Finally, some specific preventive measures were put forward. First, install packers in the hole sections with fractures and beddings. Second, improve the properties of slurry to avoid the formation of micro-annulus of cement sheath. And third, adopt the fracturing technologies to avoid the casing from repeated high pressure. The study results provide the guidance for the solution to shale gas casing deformation.