CO_2用作低渗透裂缝性气藏储气库垫层气的扩容分析

低渗透碳酸盐岩气藏在开发后期为了提高气井产量,经常采用加压开采和水力压裂等技术,导致储层被水侵且含有大量微裂缝。因此,当CO_2用作低渗透裂缝性气藏储气库垫层气时,如何快速有效地注气驱水扩容和制定气水边界稳定运移的控制策略就成为低渗透气藏改建地下储气库扩容的关键问题之一。为此,建立了双重孔隙介质储层中注CO_2驱水的气水两相渗流的数学模型,以国内某裂缝性气藏改建的地下储气库为研究对象,主要分析了边缘气井注CO_2驱水扩容的气水界面的运移规律,并讨论了CO_2溶解、井底流压、注气流量、微裂缝参数等因素对储气库扩容时气水界面稳定性的影响。结果表明:(1)储气库采用"多注少采"的方式扩容时,扩容速度在第5周期达到最大值,随后逐渐降低;(2)CO_2在水中溶解度随储层压力而变化的特性有利于储气库扩容时气水边界的稳定;(3)定井底流压和定流量扩容时,适当地增大井底流压和中心区域气井的注气流量能有效提高储气库的扩容速度;(4)在高渗透率区域和裂缝—基质渗透率比值较大的储层区域,应适当地降低注气流量,防止因渗流过快造成气水界面的指进现象,同时应通过观察井严密监控气水界面的运移,以防止气体从边水突破逃逸或高渗透带见水或水淹。该研究成果为我国应用CO_2作为低渗透裂缝性气藏储气库垫层气的驱水扩容提供了技术和理论支持。

Capacity expansion analysis of UGSs rebuilt from low-permeability fractured gas reservoirs with CO2 as cushion gas

The techniques of pressurized mining and hydraulic fracturing are often used to improve gas well productivity at the later development stage of low-permeability carbonate gas reservoirs, but reservoirs are watered out and a great number of micro fractures are produced. Therefore, one of the key factors for underground gas storages (UGS) rebuilt from low-permeability fractured gas reservoirs with CO₂ as the cushion gas is how to expand storage capacity effectively by injecting CO₂ to displace water and to develop control strategies for the stable migration of gas-water interface. In this paper, a mathematical model was established to simulate the gas-water flow when CO₂ was injected into dual porosity reservoirs to displace water. Then, the gas-water interface migration rules while CO₂ was injected in the peripheral gas wells for water displacement were analyzed with one domestic UGS rebuilt from fractured gas reservoirs as the research object. And finally, discussion was made on how CO₂ dissolution, bottom hole flowing pressure (BHFP), CO₂ injection rate and micro fracture parameters affect the stability of gas-water interface in the process of storage capacity expansion. It is shown that the speed of capacity expansion reaches the maximum value at the fifth cycle and then decreases gradually when UGS capacity is expanded in the pattern of more injection and less withdrawal. Gas-water interface during UGS capacity expansion is made stable due to that the solubility of CO₂ in water varies with the reservoir pressure. When the UGS capacity is expanded at constant BHFP and the flow rate, the expansion speed can be increased effectively by increasing the BHFP and the injection flow rate of gas wells in the central areas appropriately. In the reservoir areas with high permeability and fracture-matrix permeability ratio, the injection flow rate should be reduced properly to prevent gas-water interface fingering caused by a high-speed flow. Furthermore, it is necessary to monitor strictly the migration of gas-water interface by using observation wells to prevent gas escape through the edge water or water breakthrough at high-permeability zones. These research results provide a technical and theoretical support for water displacement and capacity expansion of UGS rebuilt from low-permeability fractured gas reservoirs with CO₂ as the cushion gas.