中国天然气储气调峰方式研究

为有效缓解冬季供气紧张局面,保障天然气安全平稳供应,应统筹考虑地下储气库、LNG接收站、气田等多种调峰手段,提出适应中国国情的调峰方式及战略部署。为此,借鉴国外典型国家及地区的调峰经验,归纳出当前中国天然气调峰所面临的主要问题:(1)地下建库地质条件复杂,建设速度缓慢;(2)LNG接收站调峰方式抗风险能力较弱;(3)气田调峰不利于气田科学开发。针对不同地区天然气市场需求量、地质条件的差异,比较不同调峰方式的功能及成本,提出中国天然气调峰的布局方式:(1)东部沿海地区应充分利用低油价的时机,发挥已建储罐的周转能力弥补地下储气库调峰能力的不足,近期采取地下储气库与LNG调峰并重的策略,中远期调峰手段逐渐转向以地下储气库为主,LNG为辅;(2)在四大气区(塔里木、青海、西南、长庆)周边首先应充分利用已建地下储气库进行调峰,当地下储气库无法满足调峰需求时,可利用气田进行辅助调峰;(3)其他地区则应进一步寻找地下储气库建库目标,加快地下储气库建设,以地下储气库调峰为主,管网调配为辅。

Research on natural gas storage and peak-shaving modes in China

To effectively relieve the tense situation of winter gas supplies, and to ensure the safety of gas steady supply, decision-makersshould overall consider many kinds of peak-shaving methods, such as UGS, LNG terminals, gas fields, etc. so as to propose the properpeak-shaving mode and strategic deployment which adapt to the present situation of China. Therefore, with the peak-shaving experiencesfrom typical countries and regions as reference, some problems encountered by peak-shaving practices in China were summed up, including(1) UGS construction is rather slow because of the complicated geological conditions; (2) LNG receiving terminals have weak abilityto resist risks in peak shaving; and (3) peak-shaving by gas production is not good for the reasonable development of a gas field. In viewof natural gas market demand in different areas and the differences of geological conditions, and based on a comparison of functionsand costs of different peak-shaving methods, an overall layout of natural gas peak shaving in China was put forward. (1) In those easterncoastal areas, with good timing of low oil prices, the existing tank turnover capacity should be taken good advantage of to compensatefor the weak UGS peak-shaving ability. Peak-shaving by both UGS and LNG terminals should be regarded as an equally important meansin the short term, and gradually this will turn to UGS as the dominant and LNG terminals as a complement in the long term. (2) In thoseareas around the four giant gas provinces, Tarim, Qinghai, Southwest China, and Changqing, UGS in operation should be the dominantpeak-shaving way, but if this means fails to meet the demand, gas fields will be a supplement. (3) In the other areas, more sites will beselected to accelerate the UGS construction, upon which peak shaving will mainly rely apart from the assistance of the gas pipeline networks.