页岩气微地震压裂实时监测技术——以四川盆地蜀南地区为例

长水平井段多井拉链式水力压裂是提高四川盆地蜀南地区页岩气产量和降本增效的重要手段。微地震压裂监测因其能够对水力压裂裂缝进行实时成像而被广泛应用于页岩气压裂效果评估和压裂参数优化调整。但目前国内页岩气微地震压裂监测仅能按照压裂监测前设计的参数完成平台井压裂作业后才能评估压裂效果,其评估结果只能为下一个平台井的压裂参数提供指导,缺少对正实施井进行实时优化压裂参数的经验,致使微地震压裂监测的实时作用失效。为此,利用放射状排列微地震地面监测和微地震井中联合监测技术,采用实时定位方法,对四川盆地蜀南地区页岩气长水平井段多井拉链式水力压裂裂缝进行实时成像,实时评估压裂效果,现场实时指导了前置液参数、射孔、暂堵剂的投放时间等参数的优化,有效避免了重复压裂、压裂效果不均等现象,提升了压裂改造效果。2口井组的实践结果表明,微地震压裂实时监测在实时评估压裂效果和实时优化压裂参数方面能够发挥重要作用,平均测试页岩气产量增加2~5倍,值得进一步借鉴和推广。

Real-time microseismic monitoring technology for hydraulic fracturing in shale gas reservoirs: A case study from the Southern Sichuan Basin

Zipper hydraulic fracturing in multiple wells with long horizontal sections is a primary solution means to increase the shale gas production rate and efficiency and to reduce the cost in Southern Sichuan Basin. Microseismic based fracturing monitoring can be used for real-time imaging of hydraulic fractures, so it has been widely used to evaluate the fracturing effect of shale gas reservoirs and to direct the optimization and adjustment of fracturing parameters. In China, however, the microseismic fracturing monitoring on fracturing of shale gas reservoirs cannot be used to evaluate the fracturing results until the fracturing operation in the pad wells is completed according to the parameters which are designed prior to the fracturing monitoring. Its evaluation results can merely provide a guidance for the fracturing parameters of the next pad wells instead of the wells in operation. As a result, the real-time effect of microseismic fracturing monitoring is out of work. In view of this, the fractures induced by zipper hydraulic fracturing in multiple shale gas wells with long horizontal sections in Southern Sichuan area, Sichuan Basin, was real-time imaged by using the combined technology of radially arranged microseismic surface monitoring and microseismic well monitoring on the basis of real-time positioning method. The fracturing results were assessed and used in real time for the optimization of prepad fluid parameter, perforation and temporary plugging additive releasing time, so as to effectively avoid repeated fracturing and uneven fracturing effects and improve fracturing stimulation effects. This method is applied in two well groups. It is shown that the average shale gas production rate is increased by 2–5 times. Furthermore, microseismic fracturing real-time monitoring plays a vital role in real-time evaluation of fracturing effect and real-time optimization of fracturing parameters, so it can be used as the reference and should be popularized further.