常曲率U型弯道水流结构与泥沙冲淤试验研究

通过在常曲率U型弯道水槽试验中采集的流速和水深过程数据,研究了弯道内水流结构及泥沙冲淤形态,分析了水流与床面之间的相互影响。试验发现:(1)弯道水流结构水面线发生扭曲,水流动力轴线及三个方向的垂线平均流速随流程和横向分布均有变化;(2)由于弯道特有的几何特征,使弯道中水流产生特有的弯道环流运动,弯道环流运动引起弯道泥沙的横向输移,形成弯道凹岸冲刷、凸岸淤积的冲淤特性,反之,床面形态的变化也使水流结构发生改变。研究所得结果可为河流泥沙研究提供参考。

Experimental study on flow structure and erosion and deposition of sediment of constant curvature U-shaped curve

The article，through the velocity and depth of process data collecting in flume experiments，studied qualitatively the flow structure and characteristic of scouring and sedimentation of constant curvature u-shaped curve，and analysis the mutual influence between flow and bed. Experiment found that the flow structure is different from straight channel，the water line is twisted，the flow dynamic axis and the vertical average flow velocity in the three directions change along with the process and transverse distribution. Due to special geometric feature in meandering channel，the flow forms the unique circulation movement，it causes lateral transport of the sediment and eventually form the erosion and deposition features of concave bank scour and convex bank deposit.