中国致密岩油气资源潜力及勘探方向

中国是世界上最早发现致密岩油的国家之一,1907年就在鄂尔多斯盆地延1井上三叠统发现了致密岩油,1989年又在该盆地石炭—二叠系发现了致密砂岩大气田——靖边气田。之后,在四川、准噶尔、松辽、渤海湾等多个盆地也相继发现了致密岩油气。中国致密岩油气具有多层系分布的特征,几乎在所有大中型盆地内均有发育,油气资源十分丰富,勘探开发潜力巨大,估算的中国致密岩油资源量为(280~300)×10~8 t、致密岩天然气资源量为(66~70)×10~(12) m~3。特别是近年来,中国致密岩油气的储量和产量较快增长。为此,在综合分析中国致密岩油气形成的地质条件、成藏条件、油气富集“甜点”的主要控制因素和指标、致密岩油气分布规律、油气资源潜力及面临挑战等的基础上,认为目前中国国内致密岩油气勘探开发技术已较为成熟,可作为中国非常规油气发展之首选。

Resource potential of tight sand oil & gas and exploration orientation in China

China was one of the first countries in the world to discover tight sandstone oil. Early in 1907, tight sand oil was discovered in the Triassic strata by the Well Yan 1 in the Ordos Basin and in 1989, a giant tight sand gas field of Jingbian was found in the Carboniferous– Permian strata in this basin. From then on, tight sand oil and gas fields were successively explored in various basins such as Sichuan, Junggar, Songliao, Bohai Bay, etc. In conclusion, tight sand oil and gas is abundantly stored in multiple formations and layers in large- or medium-sized basins all over China, of which tight oil reserves were estimated to be 28–30 billion tons while tight gas 66–70 trillion m³. This can be just proved by the recent rapid increase of both explored reserves and productivity of tight oil and gas. In view of this, an overall study was conducted on the geological settings, pooling conditions, the main controlling factors and indexes of "sweet spots", and distribution patterns of tight sand oil and gas reservoirs. Besides, such issues were discussed as reserves potential, potential challenges, etc. To sum up, with mature exploration and development technologies, tight oil and gas will be the first choice in the development of more unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China.