高含硫天然气开发公众安全防护距离标准的分析及建议

我国高含硫天然气开发已经形成规模并进入持续发展阶段,其公众安全防护问题一直受到企业、政府和社会的高度关注。为此,针对我国高含硫天然气开发中所面临的集输管道、站场和净化厂公众安全防护距离难以确定的问题,分析了我国高含硫气田开发所依据的标准和规范的现状,并提出了相关的建议。研究结果认为:(1)现有标准只规定了硫化氢平均含量为13%~15%的特定工况下的安全防护距离,存在规定范围的不连续性和实际操作的不确定性等问题,在含硫化氢气田和高含硫气田开发方面都需要补充相应的标准和规定条款;(2)涉及公众安全方面标准的制订应以安全行业标准为主,并与国家标准和石油天然气行业标准相互配合;(3)对于高含硫气田的采输管道,目前应以本质安全为基础,辅以降低强度设计系数、提高设计施工要求等措施;(4)现有的模拟计算方法得到的结果只能用于制订应急计划的参考,不能作为搬迁原住户的实际依据;(5)由于管道事故的危害后果往往大于公众安全防护距离所设定的范围,因此必须引入风险管理的理念,制订事故分析报告技术要求和程序格式方面的标准规范;(6)建议高含硫气田开发参考国外先进管理模式,在高含硫气田集中的地区完善政府属地管理。

Preliminary evaluation and recommendation on standards and codes concerning public safety & setbacks in high-sulfur natural gas production and operation

High-sulfur natural gas scale exploitation has already been stepped into a sustainable development stage, however, the involved public security issues have been highly concerned by government, enterprises, and society. Focusing on the problems of quantitatively determining public safety protection distance in high-sulfur gas fields, as well as flowing and gathering pipelines, stations and purification plants, we discussed the status of the existing standards and codes to refer in China and made the following suggestions. (1) The present standards or codes need to be supplemented because they are far from sufficient to meet the requirement, for example, the safety protection distance is regulated only under the specific working condition with the average H2S concentration being 13–15%(V). (2) The relevant security industry standards should be first considered in formulating the public security criteria interworking with both government and oil & gas industry standards. (3) As for the gathering and transporting lines in such high-sulfur fields, the intrinsic safety should be based on and some other measures should be assisted by as well like reducing the difficulty coefficients, improving the design and construction requirements, etc. (4) The existing simulated and calculated results should be taken as reference for making the emergency plan but not as the actual proof of moving the original tenants. (5) The hazardous consequences resulted from pipeline accidents are often out of the range set in design, so risk management should be introduced to formulate the standards and codes related to technical codes and program format for accident analysis reports. (6) Those foreign modern relevant management methods should be referred to and the local government should also be responsible for public security issues in and around the areas of the high-sulfur gas fields.