GIS接受外部空间数据的初步探讨——兼论ARC/INFO○R的数据接受方式

数据是地理信息系统(GIS)应用的核心。现实世界的数据具有普遍的多样性,关于GIS接受不同数据的研究已成为当前GIS研究中的一个难点和热点。从常见空间数据类型的格式、GIS接受外部空间数据的方式以及GIS接受外部空间数据中的数据精度、比例尺、坐标变换等几个方面,对外部空间数据处理系统的数据向GIS转换的问题进行了探讨,同时以通用GIS工具软件ARC/INFO为例分析了其接受外部矢量空间数据的方式。

A Preliminary Discussion on Data Transformation from Spatial Data Outside to GIS

Data is a key issue in application of GIS. All the works depending on GIS must be based on thefundamental database construction. But in fact, data in the real world appears with different formats,different scales, different origins and different existence, which results in that GIS' ability to acceptdifferent data has been a dazzling sub-field in applications of GIS. In this paper, different spatial dataformats in different spatial data processing software, data accepting methods of GIS, and some relativeproblems in data transformation from outside systems to GIS are discussed, which may conduce to datacollection of GIS. Meanwhile, the data reading ways of ARC/INFO from outside system is also discussed.The spatial data can be divided into 3 types according to data processing systems usually: GIS data,remotely sensed images and common spatial graphics. These 3 types of spatial data have different dataformats and data organizing characteristics. GIS data can be described in vector or in grid, remotely senseddata is usually in grid, and common spatial graphics are described with a positioning data sets which is likeO (x, y, z). On the other hand, GIS software can get spatial data from outside for its databaseconstruction through 3 ways: GIS~GIS, RS~GIS, and graphic processing system~GIS. So, the datacharacteristics from outside systems must be analyzed, and the reading way of GIS should also beconsidered. Then, a data interface can be developed to transform the data from outside systems to GIS,which is better than digitization or scanning. During the course of data transformation, the datatransformation accuracy, projection and coordinates transformation, scales, and data transformationprocedure are 4 problems that should be considered. They are still the difficulties of data process and datatransformation in GIS science.