巨菌草沼渣制备液化多元醇及合成聚氨酯的研究

以巨菌草经厌氧沼气发酵后产生的沼渣为原料,在聚乙二醇(PEG400)和丙三醇的混合溶剂中进行液化制备液化多元醇。研究了液化条件对液化效果的影响。结果表明:巨菌草沼渣最佳液化条件为液化试剂PEG400/丙三醇(质量比)1.5:1、液化温度160℃、液化时间1.5h、液固比(质量比)2.9:1、催化剂浓硫酸用量为液化试剂质量5%。在此条件下,沼渣液化效果最好,制得的液化多元醇羟值为498mg/g,适用于聚氨酯硬质泡沫的生产。用液化多元醇部分代替聚醚多元醇制备聚氨酯材料,质量比为1:1时,所得材料性能最佳,密度和压缩强度分别为38.7kg/m³和0.21MPa。

Synthesis of Liquefied P olyol from Biogas Residues of Pennisetum giganteum and Its Application in P reparation of P olyurethane

The biogas residues of Pennisetum giganteum were liquefied into bio-polyol in the mixed solvent of poly-ethyleneglycol (PEG400) and glycerin. The influences of liquefaction conditions on the process of liquefaction were studied. The results indicated that the optimal conditions were mass ratio of PEG400 and glycerin 1.5:1, mass ratio of liquid and solid 2.9:1, mass fraction of sulfuric acid compared to the mixed solvent 5%, liquefaction temperature 160℃ and liquefaction time 1.5h.Under these conditions, the hydroxyl value of the liquefaction product was 498mg/g. The best performance of polyurethane foam was obtained by bio-polyol instead of polyether polyol with the mass ratio of 1:1, and the density and compressive strength were 38.7kg/m³ and 0.21MPa.