基于整船整桥模型的船桥碰撞数值仿真

桥梁在船舶碰撞时受到的动力载荷和响应是复杂的动力非线性问题。近代非线性有限元技术为该问题的求解提供了有效的工具。简述了该技术的基本原理,并基于整船整桥模型对一艘4万吨实船与桥梁的碰撞过程进行了计算。仿真结果显示了船艏结构损坏、碰撞力演变、能量传递和桥墩内部应力变化的详细情景,讨论了船-桥碰撞的力学特征。演示的方法比传统的经验公式和简化解析法提供更为精确的结果。所提供的桥墩应力状态对桥梁的设计与碰撞后的损伤评估有重要参数价值。

SIMULATION OF SHIP-BRIDGE HEAD-ON COLLISION BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF WHOLE SHIP-BRIDGE

It is very difficult to accurately calculate the collision force and nonlinear responses of bridge during ship-bridge collision course. The dynamic numerical simulation of ship-bridge collision can be effectively carried out by means of nonlinear finite element technique. Based on the finite element model of whole ship-bridge, the head-on collision process between a 40000 t DWT oil ship with bulb bow and a bridge pier is simulated. The history and property of the bow damage, the collision force, the energy transform and the tress distribution in the bridge pier are presented and discussed. The results produced by numerical simulation are compared with those by empirical formulas and simplified analytical method. The stress distribution in the bridge is of important value to the design and damage estimation of the bridge.