Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the breast: a preliminary report on telepathology through Internet multimedia electronic mail

BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY: Tricuspid valve endocarditis traditionally has been treated with either valve resection or valve replacement. To avoid implantation of foreign material in an infected area and to circumvent anticoagulation, tricuspid valve repair was applied and the results assessed. METHODS: Tricuspid valve repair was performed in five patients with right-sided endocarditis. All patients had tricuspid regurgitation grade 3-4 on preoperative transesophageal echocardiography, and developed progressive deterioration associated with heart failure. The indications for surgery were congestive heart failure, persistent sepsis, recurrent emboli, concomitant left-sided endocarditis, and fungal infection. Surgical procedures included cusp resection, annular plication and annuloplasty, pericardial patch replacement, and construction of artificial chordae. RESULTS: There were no hospital deaths and major associated morbidity. Follow up is complete at a mean of 20.4 months. There were no reoperations or cases of recurrent infections. All patients are in NYHA class I-II. Postoperative echocardiography revealed no signs of major valvular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Valve repair in right-sided endocarditis is a relatively new application for repair techniques, but may become an attractive alternative to tricuspid valve excision or prosthetic valve replacement.