DNA条形码技术对鱼子酱物种溯源及鉴定

为探讨DNA条形码技术在鱼子酱物种鉴定中的适用性，利用细胞色素b（Cytochrome b，Cyt b）和细胞色素氧化酶I亚单位I（Cytochrome Oxidase I，COI）作为DNA条形码对鱼子酱样品进行DNA提取、聚合酶链式反应（Polymerase Chain Reaction，PCR）、测序、利用NCBI网站和BOLD鉴定系统进行基因比较分析，构建系统发育树，鉴定鱼子酱物种，对我国鱼子酱产品物种标签符合性情况进行检查。购买的40份样品，一致性鲟鱼物种基因序列相似性均在99%以上，涉及5个鲟鱼种，其中杂交种占比75%、西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟、欧鳇、俄罗斯鲟占25%。说明Cyt b、COI作为DNA条形码可以对鱼子酱进行物种鉴定，检测的鱼子酱产品均为鲟鱼子酱，无造假，但是45%产品标签物种替代或物种标识不清。加强对产品物种标识重视及鉴定技术的开发，有助于我国鱼子酱对外贸易发展，保障我国鲟鱼产业可持续性健康发展。

DNA Barcoding for the Tracing and Identification of Caviar Species

To investigate the suitability of DNA barcoding for caviar species identification, Cytochrome b (Cyt b) and Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) were used as DNA barcodes, and DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing were performed on caviar samples. Genome comparison and analysis were performed using the NCBI website and the BOLD identification system to construct a phylogenetic tree and identify the species of each caviar sample, allowing the labeling compliance of Chinese caviar products to be ascertained. Of the 40 Chinese caviar samples purchased, gene sequence similarity between the labeled and identified species generally exceeded 99%, indicating high compliance in terms of labelling. Five species of sturgeon were identified, with 75% of the products comprising several different species, while the remaining 25% were from Siberian, Amur, Beluga, and Russian sturgeon. The results suggest that Cyt b and COI can be used as DNA barcodes to identify caviar species. All of the tested caviar products were derived from sturgeon; however, 45% of the products had incorrect or unclear species labels. Improving the labeling and species identification techniques for caviar species is likely beneficial for Chinese caviar exports, and will ensure that the Chinese caviar industry continues to develop in a healthy and sustainable manner.