“双碳”背景下铁尾矿库生态修复技术方向与策略

生态系统碳汇功能提升是双碳背景下铁尾矿库生态修复的重要方向。本文以铁尾矿库生态修复研究现状为基础,从双碳战略背景下的生态修复技术方向、碳汇交易目标下的生态修复策略两方面出发,探讨了实现铁尾矿库生态系统碳汇量提升的主要技术选择和主要关注事项。其中,采用高效土壤改良措施提高铁尾矿库土壤碳汇量并促进林草植被的高效生长,加强区域水土流失防控、区域土壤污染修复以减少碳汇损失,加强自然修复理念和模式的合理应用等为主要的技术方向；应重点关注地上地下植被生物量等主要可计量碳汇量提升、生态修复及后期管理中碳损失问题,以实现铁尾矿库生态修复的碳汇交易效益最大化。建议进一步开发铁尾矿库生态修复碳汇方法学,对双碳战略背景下的铁尾矿库生态修复项目提供更加有效的指导。

Technology direction and strategy of ecological restoration in iron tailings pond under the background of double carbon

Under the background of double carbon, the development of ecosystem carbon sink function is the main direction of the ecological restoration in iron tailings pond. The study investigated the research status of ecological restoration in iron tailings pond, discussed the technology direction to improve the amount of ecosystem carbon sink under the background of double carbon, and analysed the main concerns under the goal of carbon trading. Among them, effectively soil amendment methods to increase the soil carbon sink and promote the efficient growth of forest and grass vegetation, strengthening the prevention and control of regional soil erosion and the remediation of regional soil pollution, application of the concept and method of natural restoration with low investment and low carbon loss are the main technology directions. In order to maximize the benefits of carbon sink trading in the ecological restoration of iron tailings pond, the improvement of main measurable carbon sinks (such as the above-ground and underground vegetation biomass) and the issues of carbon loss in the process of ecological restoration and post-management should be paid more attention. It is recommended to develop the carbon sink methodology of ecological restoration in iron tailings pond to provide more effective guidance for the iron tailings pond ecological restoration project under the double carbon strategy.