塑性成形方法对镁合金耐蚀性的影响及展望

随着镁合金产业的快速发展，如何通过塑性成形方法提高镁合金的耐蚀性成为了重要课题。镁及其合金因具有低密度、高比强度和较好的回收性等优点而受到广泛关注，然而室温变形能力和耐腐蚀性能差等缺点是其广泛应用的瓶颈。在总结镁合金腐蚀特点及面临问题的基础上，综合分析了国内外塑性成形方法对镁合金腐蚀领域的相关研究，综述了不同加工成形方法在提高镁合金耐蚀性应用方面的进展，从腐蚀机理和工艺参数2个方面进行了讨论。介绍了不同塑性成形方法对镁合金耐蚀性的影响机制，其中包括挤压–ECAP、超声滚压处理、等通道转角挤压、热轧处理、触变成形、板材挤压、板材轧制、交叉轧制、异步轧制和异步交叉轧制、压铸、快速凝固、搅拌摩擦焊、增材制造、喷丸等。从成分分布、析出相等微观角度阐述了影响镁合金腐蚀行为的机制，指出了塑性成形方法在提高镁合金耐蚀行为方面存在的问题，为提高镁合金的耐蚀性提出建议。

Effect of Plastic Forming Method on Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloy and Its Prospects

With the rapid development of the magnesium alloy industry, how to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys through plastic forming has become an inevitable and important issue. Magnesium and its alloys are widely concerned for their advantages of low density, high specific strength and good recyclability; however, their disadvantages of room temperature deformability and poor corrosion resistance are the bottleneck of their wide application. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the corrosion characteristics and problems faced by magnesium alloys, the work presented a comprehensive analysis of relevant research results in plastic forming methods on the corrosion of magnesium alloys at home and abroad, and reviewed the progress of different processing and forming method technologies in application of improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, discussed from the corrosion mechanism and process parameters. The mechanisms of different plastic forming methods on the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys were presented, which included extrusion-ECAP, ultrasonic roll treatment, equal channel angular processing, hot rolling treatment, contact shaping, sheet extrusion, sheet rolling, cross rolling, asynchronous rolling and asynchronous cross rolling, die casting, rapid solidification, stir friction welding, additive manufacturing and shot peening. The mechanisms influencing the corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloys were described from the perspective of composition distribution, precipitation and other microstructure. Problems in the current research on plastic forming methods and the corrosion resistance behaviour of magnesium alloys were presented and suggestions for the future improvement of the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys were put forward.