克罗诺杆菌在婴儿配方奶粉及其加工环境中耐受性和耐药性研究进展

克罗诺杆菌（Cronobacter）是一种食源性致病菌,容易感染新生儿和低体重早产儿并引起坏死性小肠结肠炎、脑膜炎和败血症等疾病,致死率高达40%~80%,治愈后可能存在严重精神系统后遗症。由流行病学可知,婴幼儿感染克罗诺杆菌与婴儿配方奶粉（Powdered Infant Formula,PIF）的关系十分密切。近年来,克罗诺杆菌污染PIF事件频发并且因其耐药性给临床治疗带来巨大挑战,造成严重后果。究其原因,是由于该菌对PIF及其加工环境的耐受能力强,不易被完全消杀从而造成持续污染。因此,为详细了解克罗诺杆菌在不利条件下的生长特性,该研究从克罗诺杆菌耐热性、耐干燥性、耐酸碱性、耐紫外性以及耐药性多个角度综述目前克罗诺杆菌耐受性相关研究进展,以期为我国克罗诺杆菌的防控消杀以及临床治疗提供参考。

Research Progress on Tolerance and Drug Resistance of Cronobacter spp. in Powdered Infant Formulae and Its Processing Environment

Cronobacter spp. is a foodborne pathogen, which can easily lead to infection in newborns and low- birth-weight premature infants, causig diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis, meningitis and septicemia, with the mortality rate up to 40%~80%. After cure, patients may suffer from severe psychiatric sequelae. Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a close association between Cronobacter spp. infection in infants and powdered infant formula (PIF). In recent years, Cronobacter spp. contamination of PIF occurred frequently, and its drug resistance has created great challenges to clinical treatments, resulting in serious consequences. The reason is that the pathogen has strong tolerance to PIF and its processing environment and is not easy to be completely destroyed via sterilization, causing continuous pollution. Therefore, for detailed understanding of the growth characteristics of Cronobacter spp. under adverse conditions, this paper reviews the current research progress on the tolerance of Cronobacter spp. from the perspectives of its resistance to heat, desiccation, acid, alkali, UV and drug, in order to provide reference for the prevention, controls, elimination and clinical treatment of Cronobacter spp. in China.