System-level power-to-gas energy storage for high penetrations of variable renewables |
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Authors: | B Lyseng T Niet J English V Keller K Palmer-Wilson B Robertson A Rowe P Wild |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada;2. School of Energy, British Columbia Institute of Technology, 3700 Willingdon Avenue, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 3H2, Canada |
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Abstract: | According to outlooks by the IEA and the U.S. EIA, renewables will become the largest source of electricity by 2050 if global temperature rise is to be limited to 2 °C. However, at penetrations greater than 30%, curtailment of wind and solar can be significant in even the most flexible systems. Energy storage can reduce curtailment and increase utilisation of variable renewables. Power-to-gas is a form of long-term storage based on electrolytic production of hydrogen. This research models the co-sizing of wind and solar PV capacity and electrolyser capacity in a jurisdiction targeting 80% penetration of variable renewable electricity. Results indicate that power-to-gas can reduce required wind and solar capacity by as much as 23% and curtailment by as much as 87%. While the majority of charging events last less than 12 h, the majority of the total annual stored energy comes from longer-term events. Additional scenarios reveal that geographic diversity of wind farms reduces capacity requirements, but the same benefit is not found for distributing solar PV. |
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Keywords: | Power-to-gas Energy storage Electrolyzer Curtailment Power system Renewable energy |
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