Flavonoids released by carrot (Daucus carota) seedlings stimulate hyphal development of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the presence of optimal CO2 enrichment |
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Authors: | M J Poulin R Bel-Rhlid Y Piché R Chênevert |
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Affiliation: | (1) Faculté de Foresterie et de Géomatique, Centre de Recherche en Biologie Forestière, Canada;(2) Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, G1K 7P4 Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada |
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Abstract: | Carbon dioxide has been previously identified as a critical volatile factor that stimulates hyphal growth ofGigaspora margarita, a vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, and we determined the optimal concentration at 2.0%. The beneficial effect of CO2 on fungal development is also visible in the presence of stimulatory (quercetin, myricetin) or inhibitory (naringenin) flavonoids. Sterile root exudates from carrot seedlings stimulate the hyphal development ofG. margarita in the presence of optimal CO2 enrichment. Three flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol, rutin or quercetin 3-rutinoside) and two flavones (apigenin, luteolin) were identified in carrot root exudates by means of HPLC retention time. Flavonols like quercetin and kaempferol are known to have stimulatory effects on hyphal growth ofG. margarita. |
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Keywords: | Daucus carota seedlings Gigaspora margarita fungi symbiosis hyphal growth vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae flavonoids carbon dioxide exudates |
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