文冠果经济性状的遗传变异分析及油用型优株选择

文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifoliumBunge)是我国特有的植物源神经酸来源木本油料树种。本研究对山东省的35个文冠果单株的遗传多样性进行了评价,测定供试材料种仁的脂肪酸、氨基酸构成;用主成分分析综合指数法筛选了油用型优良单株。结果表明,35个文冠果单株的18个性状平均遗传多样性指数(H′)达1.863,平均变异系数(CV)达29.2%,单株间性状变异的多样性为文冠果良种选育提供基础。供试材料种仁平均脂肪含量为58.69%,脂肪酸构成中有11种脂肪酸,亚油酸是主要组分,含量为(41.13±1.70)%;其次是油酸,平均质量分数为(29.03±3.20)%;神经酸平均质量分数为(3.99±0.38)%,芥酸平均质量分数为(9.94±0.66)%。供试材料种仁中蛋白质平均质量分数为27.00%,有17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸7种,其AAS值在24.44～53.95之间。依据主成分综合评价指数,选出WF17、WF15、WF9、LY5、WF18、WF4、WF16、WF10等8个文冠果油用型优良单株。研究结果为文冠果油用型良种选育及其开发利用提供了科学依据。

Genetic Variability of Economic Traits and Preselection of Plus Tree for Oil yield in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge

Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge is an important woody oil tree native in North of China, and the oil of its kernals was considered to be a good plant resource for nervonic acid. In this study, the genetic diversity of 35 X. sorbifolium individuals in Shandong Province was evaluated, and the fatty acid and amino acid composition of seed kernel were determined, the principal component analysis comprehensive index method was used to selected the plus tree for oil yield. The results showed that the average genetic diversity index of 18 traits of 35 X. sorbifolium individuals was 1.863, and the average coefficient of variation was 29.2%. The high diversity of observed traits among individuals give the opportunities for genetic improvement of X. sorbifolium. The average oil content of the test material was 58.69%, composition by 11 fatty acids, linoleic acid was the main component, the content was 41.13 ± 1.70%, followed by oleic acid, the average content was 29.03 ± 3.20%; the average content of nervonic acid was 3.99 ± 0.38%, and the average content of erucic acid was 9.94 ± 0.66%. The average protein content of the tested material was 27.00%, included 17 kinds of amino acids, of which 7 kinds of essential amino acids, the AAS value was between 24.44 ~ 53.95. Through principal component analysis comprehensive score, the plus trees for oil yield of X. sorbifolium were selected which were WF17, WF15, WF9, LY5, WF18, WF4, WF16, WF10. The results provide a scientific basis for Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge of breeding oil-purpose improved varieties, and development and utilization.