膨胀蛭石/酚醛阻燃保温复合材料的制备及性能

以膨胀蛭石为阻燃剂，采用中温发泡方法与酚醛树脂复合制备膨胀蛭石/酚醛阻燃保温复合材料。阻燃保温复合材料通过极限氧指数、锥形量热、导热系数和表观密度分析了发泡温度、固化剂含量、发泡剂含量、表面活性剂含量、固化时间以及蛭石含量对膨胀蛭石/酚醛阻燃保温复合材料阻燃及保温性能的影响。结果表明:以膨胀蛭石为阻燃剂制备的膨胀蛭石/酚醛阻燃保温复合材料的阻燃保温性能优越、表观密度低。单因素实验结果表明，膨胀蛭石/酚醛阻燃保温复合材料的最优条件为发泡温度80℃、固化剂含量10wt%、发泡剂含量10wt%、表面活性剂含量5wt%、固化时间2 h以及蛭石含量60wt%。最优条件下的膨胀蛭石/酚醛阻燃保温复合材料表观密度为190.08 kg/m3、压缩强度为0.32 MPa、导热系数为0.054 9 W/（m·K）、极限氧指数为71.1%、平均热释放速率为15 kW/m2。 

Preparation and performance of expanded vermiculite/phenolic flame retardant and insulation composites

Expanded vermiculite/phenolic flame retardant and insulation composites were prepared by compounding expanded vermiculite as a flame retardant and phenolic resin via a medium temperature foaming method. The effects of foaming temperature, content of curing agent, content of foaming agent, content of surfactant, curing time and content of expanded vermiculite on flame retardant and thermal insulation performances of expanded vermiculite/phenolic flame retardant and insulation composites were analyzed by limit oxygen index, cone calorimetry, thermal conductivity and apparent density. The results show that expanded vermiculite/phenolic flame retardant and insulation composites prepared by expanded vermiculite as a flame retardant show good flame resistance, good insulation and low apparent density. The results of single factor experiment show that the optimized conditions of expanded vermiculite/phenolic flame retardant and insulation composites are that the foaming temperature is 80℃, content of curing agent is 10wt%, content of foaming agent is 10wt%, content of surfactant is 5wt%, curing time is 2 h and content of expanded vermiculite is 60wt%, under which, the apparent density of expanded vermiculite/phenolic flame retardant and insulation composites is 190.08 kg/m³, the compressive strength is 0.32 MPa, the thermal conductivity is 0.054 9 W/(m·K), the limit oxygen index is 71.1%, the average heat release rate is 15 kW/m².