复合材料连接结构健康监测技术研究进展

连接结构是大型复合材料结构的关键环节,对保证复合材料结构的完整性具有重要作用。由于复合材料连接结构存在复杂的非线性耦合因素,使得复合材料连接结构的强度和破坏模式分析十分困难,因此,必须对复合材料连接结构的健康状态进行监测、诊断、评价和预测,通过在线监测获得的信息实时掌握结构的健康状况与对外界载荷的响应,并在此基础上对未来可能发生的缺陷和故障进行预报,以便能在合适时间段内采取措施,以保证复合材料结构的安全服役并取得最大的经济效益。以飞行器复合材料连接结构为背景,首先简要分析了复合材料胶接连接、机械连接和混合连接形式的损伤和失效模式,然后重点介绍了基于波传播法、阻抗法、智能涂层监测法、真空比较监测法、光纤传感监测法和混合集成监测法的复合材料连接结构健康监测(SHM)技术的研究进展,最后讨论了飞行器复合材料连接结构健康监测技术的发展趋势和面临的挑战。 

Progress on study of structural health monitoring technology for composite joints

As key components of large composite structures, joints play important roles to ensure the integrity of composite structures. It is very difficult to analyze the strength and failure modes of composite joints due to their complex nonlinear coupling factors. Therefore, there is a need to monitor, diagnose, evaluate and predict the structure health state of composite joints. Information obtained through real-time monitoring will be used to determine the health condition of structures and the response to external loads, and further predict possible defects and failures that may occur in the future so that actions can be taken at the appropriate period of time to ensure the safety and service of composite structures to achieve maximum economic benefits. Taking the aerospace composite joints as examples, we first briefly analyzes the damages and failure modes of different composite joints, including bonded joint, mechanical joint and hybrid joints. Then the art of state of structural health monitoring (SHM) technology progess for composite joints is reviewed, including wave propagation method, impedance method, intelligent coating monitoring method, comparative vacuum monitoring method, fiber optical sensing monitoring method and hybrid integration approaches. Finally the development trend and the challenges of structural health monitoring of aircraft composite joint are discussed.