深部开采承压突水机制相似物理模型试验系统研制及应用

 研制的深部开采承压突水机制相似物理模型试验系统主要包括模型箱、水平侧压力加载装置、竖向压力加载装置、测量装置及数据自动记录设备。模型试件尺寸为1 600 mm×800 mm×200 mm(长×高×宽)。试验系统中，水平侧压力和竖向压力通过闭路伺服加载装置实现。最大水平侧压力设计为300 kN，最大水平位移为100 mm。不考虑流–固耦合效应时，试验系统最大竖向压力为300 kN；考虑流–固耦合效应时，最大水压力为1.0 MPa。测量装置包括用于观测裂缝发生、发展和破坏的体式显微镜，以及基于数字图像分析位移的先进测量设备。在模型箱中根据工程需要按照一定的相似比构建试验模型。该系统可实现深部采矿时复杂应力、水压力及采动影响等联合作用下岩体的受力、变形和破坏过程，以及水的渗流、突变等宏细观运移规律的模拟和测试，进而从理论上分析不同应力场、水压力以及采矿活动本身对采场安全的影响。显然，该装置为深部开采中的岩石力学问题以及矿山突水机制与防治的试验研究与测试工作提供了新的、具有重要作用的平台。

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF SIMILAR PHYSICAL MODEL EXPERIMENT SYSTEM FOR WATER INRUSH MECHANISM IN DEEP MINING

A large similar physical model experiment system for mechanism of deep mining water inrush with high pressure is developed. The system is composed of model box，loading devices of horizontal lateral pressure and vertical pressure，measurement devices and data autorecorder. The dimension of the model box can vary with the practice. It is designed as 1 600 mm in length，800 mm in height and 200 mm in width here. The horizontal and vertical pressures are applied by closed circuit servo-loading devices with a maximum charge of 300 kN. The maximum horizontal displacement is limited in 100 mm，while 1.0 MPa of water pressure can be added to simulate fluid-solid coupling effects. The measurement devices include the stereo microscope to record and measure the development of cracks in the specimen，and the advanced measurement device to monitor and measure the displacements based on digital image analysis. This large similar model experiment system can simulate the complicated mining activities and help to analyze the stresses，deformation(displacements) and failures in surrounding rock. The safety effects of different loading conditions，water pressures and mining engineering and the mechanisms of water inrush caused by mining engineering can be studied. It is certainly a new and valuable modeling and testing research platform for studies of both water inrush in coal mines and related mechanical problems in deep mining engineering.