20世纪50年代工业建设“156项工程”研究

20世纪50年代由苏联援建的“156项工程”是新中国工业发展和国防建设的重大工程项目，对20世纪中国的社会发展产生了深远的影响。本文从项目的分批确定和实施、项目中的技术转移以及项目的实施效果等三个方面介绍了“156项工程”，评价了“156项工程”的历史地位，概括了工程中的技术转移的特点，认为它帮助新中国建立了比较完整的基础工业体系和国防工业体系的骨架，起到了奠定中国工业化初步基础的重大作用，使中国初步构建了比较完整的现代技术体系。

A Study of the 156 Projects of Industrial Construction in 1950s

With the help of the Soviet Unions , 156 projects concerning industrial construction and national defense construction had been undergone during 1950s in the P.R.China, which had greatly affected on Chinese economy and society in the second half of the 20th century. Through an analysis of the 156 projects from three aspects, i.e., project identification and implementation, technology transfer by the projects and the results of the projects, the characteristic of technology transfer by the projects is identified and the historical position of the projects in Chinese economic and social development is evaluated. It concludes that the 156 projects enabled China to establish a relatively complete framework of basic industrial system and national defense industrial system and a relatively complete modern technological system, which have played a very important role in the process of Chi-nese industrialization.