基于改进AOMDV路由协议的WSNs拥塞控制和能耗均衡策略

无线传感器网络WSNs中数据流的突发、节点能量有限和多对一数据传输等特性导致其很容易发生网络拥塞和节点能量的非均衡消耗,而采用多路径方式进行数据传输,不仅可以缓解网络拥塞,而且也能达到网络能量均衡消耗的目的。AOMDV协议是一种面向Ad-Hoc网络的反应式多路由协议,首先提出了一种改进的AOMDV协议—I_AOMDV协议,在路由发现阶段不再使用发生拥塞和低能量的节点,而在路由维护阶段则仅使用HELLO信息交换邻居节点的"剩余能量"和"队列长度",同时在路径列表中添加了"拥塞恢复时间"和"能量剩余标志位",从而使I_AOMDV协议更适应于静态WSNs的数据传输。基于I_AOMDV协议,进一步提出了新的网络拥塞控制和能耗均衡策略,其中,拥塞控制策略采用新的拥塞检测方案,并为发生拥塞的最短路径设置了"拥塞恢复时间";而能耗均衡策略则通过为节点的每条路径设置"能量剩余标志位"来解决能量的非均衡消耗问题。仿真实验结果表明,基于I_AOMDV的拥塞控制和能耗均衡策略,可以减少路由协议的开销,有效降低数据丢包率和节点剩余能量的差异性。

Congestion control and balanced energy consumption in WSNs based on improved AOMDV

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), features such as the burst of the data flows, limited energy of the nodes, many-to-one transmission, etc., often result in network congestion and unbalanced energy consumption. Using multi-path data transmission cannot only relieve network congestion, but also achieve balanced energy consumption. The ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol (AOMDV) is a reactive multi-path protocol for Ad-hoc networks. We propose an improved AOMDV protocol, called I_AOMDV protocol, which does not use the congested or low-energy nodes in the route discovery phase, and exchanges “the residual energy” and “the queue length” by means of ‘HELLO’ messages in the route maintenance phase. Meanwhile, it also introduces “congestion recovery time” and “the flag of residual energy” to the list of paths in order to make the I_AOMDV more adaptable to the static WSNs. Furthermore, based on the I_AOMDV, we also propose a new congestion control and balanced energy consumption strategy. The proposed congestion control strategy uses a new congestion detection scheme and sets the "recovery time" for the shortest path falling into congestion. In order to cope with unbalanced energy consumption, the proposed balanced energy consumption strategy sets the “the flag of residual energy” for each path. Simulation results show that the proposed congestion and balanced energy consumption strategy can reduce the expense of routing protocol, packet loss rate, and the difference of residual energy of nodes.