Combined effects of linear and angular errors in pc board assembly

Automated printed circuit board assembly is a complex process where accuracy is a critical issue. This paper discusses the quantitative effects of linear and angular errors present in such a system on the successful assembly of through-hole components that have been properly registered. Both additive and statistical error compounding methods are illustrated. Mathematical models developed in this study can be used to determine the relative effects of critical system parameters and tolerances on proper insertion of the component into the pc board. Optimal design and control specifications can therefore be obtained for an efficient and successful assembly system.