Bus-based park-and-ride system: a stochastic model on multimodal network with congestion pricing schemes |
| |
Authors: | Zhiyuan Liu Qiang Meng |
| |
Affiliation: | 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University, Victoria, Australia;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore |
| |
Abstract: | This paper focuses on modelling the network flow equilibrium problem on a multimodal transport network with bus-based park-and-ride (P&R) system and congestion pricing charges. The multimodal network has three travel modes: auto mode, transit mode and P&R mode. A continuously distributed value-of-time is assumed to convert toll charges and transit fares to time unit, and the users’ route choice behaviour is assumed to follow the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium principle with elastic demand. These two assumptions have caused randomness to the users’ generalised travel times on the multimodal network. A comprehensive network framework is first defined for the flow equilibrium problem with consideration of interactions between auto flows and transit (bus) flows. Then, a fixed-point model with unique solution is proposed for the equilibrium flows, which can be solved by a convergent cost averaging method. Finally, the proposed methodology is tested by a network example. |
| |
Keywords: | multimodal network park-and-ride transit assignment probit-based stochastic user equilibrium congestion pricing |
|
|